Third-party punishers are rewarded, but third-party helpers even more so

Punishers benefit from third-party punishment in fish.

In cases where uninvolved bystanders pay to punish defectors, this behavior has typically been interpreted in terms of group-level rather than individual-level benefits. Male cleaner fish, Labroides dimidiatus, punish their female partner if she cheats while inspecting model clients. Punishment promotes female cooperation and thereby yields direct foraging benefits to the male. Thus, third-part...

Party Pooper: Third-Party Libraries in Android

Third-party libraries (3PLs), such as advertising networks, gaming networks, and analytics engines, are an integral part of modern mobile platforms. If Android developers want to integrate functionality provided by 3PLs, they must bundle opaque binary code into their applications. Unfortunately, developers must in essence overprivilege their Android applications by requesting dangerous permissi...

Third-Party Decision

Characteristic Third-Party Opinions

A Note on Handling Information Known to the Opinion Preparer A Note on Handling Excluded Opinions § 9:1 The Three-Set Opinion Pattern § 9:2 Identifying and Defining the Party Whose Status Is at Issue A Note on Entity Formation § 9:3 Opinions as to Entity Status A Note on the Significance of Status Opinions § 9:3.1 Incorporated Status, Organization, and Valid Existence [A] Incorporation [B] Orga...

Third Party Risk Management

.................................................................................................................................3 Introduction...........................................................................................................................3 Background/Historical Analysis.............................................................................................3 Thir...